In Defense of Dominance: PAD Usage in Computational Representations of Affect

Factor-based models of emotion (affect) are often used in the field of emotion modeling and emotion measurement, in particular the three factor model commonly known as Pleasure Arousal and Dominance (PAD). This article addresses computational use and usefulness of the third factor, i.e., Dominance. The claim made in this article is that Dominance should be seriously considered when modeling or measuring affect. More concretely, it presents an easy to understand conceptual description of Dominance, followed by cases in which Dominance was instrumental in modeling synthetic affect, as well as cases in which Dominance was instrumental in measuring user affect. Finally, it relates the PAD factor model to appraisal dimensions.